Contribución y desafíos de las enfermeras en tiempos de Covid-19: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2021.esp2.07Palabras clave:
Enfermería, Covid-19, desastre biológico, pandemia, compasiónResumen
La pandemia por Covid-19 ha puesto a prueba el liderazgo y experiencia práctica de las enfermeras, y ha visibilizado el cuidado como un tema esencial para la vida humana y la salud global. Objetivo. El propósito de esta revisión de la literatura es reflexionar sobre las contribuciones y desafíos de las enfermeras en tiempos de pandemia. Método. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, usando la base de datos Wos y SciencieDirect con la búsqueda de las palabras claves “nursing” AND “Covid-19” AND “disaster”, luego se complementó con otros documentos seleccionados de variadas fuentes, principalmente informes de organizaciones internacionales que han sido relevantes en el quehacer de enfermería y de la salud pública durante el periodo de pandemia. Resultados. Se revisaron 48 documentos y artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones. La principal contribución de las enfermeras a la pandemia se relaciona con la capacidad de formar una gran fuerza de contención en contra del Covid-19, guiada por un cuidado compasivo. Mientras algunos desafíos son el autocuidado y la planificación para la recuperación del sistema salud postpandemia.
Financiación
Universidad de Atacama, Universidad La Frontera, Universidad Mayor y Universidad de ValparaísoCitas
Achora, S., & Kamanyire, J. K. (2016). Disaster Preparedness: Need for inclusion in undergraduate nursing education. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 16(1), e15–e19. [Link]
Ahayalimudin, N., & Osman, N. N. (2016). Disaster management: Emergency nursing and medical personnel's knowledge, attitude and practices of the East Coast region hospitals of Malaysia. Australasian emergency nursing journal:AENJ, 19(4), 203–209. [Link]
Alzahrani, F., & Kyratsis, Y. (2017). Emergency nurse disaster preparedness during mass gatherings: a cross-sectional survey of emergency nurses’ perceptions in hospitals in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. BMJ Open, 7, e013563. [Link]
American Nurses Association (ANA). (2008a). Adapting standards of care under extreme conditions: guidance for professionals during disasters, pandemics, and
other extreme emergencies. Recuperado: [Link]
American Nurses Asociation (ANA). (2020b). Crisis standard of care Covid-19 pandemic. Recuperado: [Link]
Amézcua, A. (2017). La dimensión política y emancipadora del trabajo enfermero Nure In, 14(89), 1. [Link]
Berlinger, N., Wynia, M., Powell, T., Hester, M., Milliken, A., Fabi, R., Cohn, F., Laura, K., Guidry, L.K.,Watson, J.C., Bruce, L., Chuang, E.J., Oei, G., Abbot, J., & Jenks, N.P. (2020). Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions Responding to Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to COVID-19. The Hastings Center. [Link]
Bellver, V.C. (2020). Problemas bioéticos en la prestación de los cuidados enfermeros durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Index Enferm, 29 (1-2), 46-50. [Link]
Cichowicz, L.M., Cristini, D.L., Orlandini, E.A., Manfrini, G.F., Do Nascimento, K.C. (2020). Covid-19: nursing care for safety in the mobile pre-hospital service. Texto Contexto Enferm, 29, e20200119. [Link]
Chen, I.H., Chang, S.C., Feng, J.Y., Lin, S.J., Chen, L.C., Lee, C.L., & Lai, F.C. (2017). Nurse participation in continuing education in Disaster Nursing in Taiwan. J Emerg Nurs, 43(3), 197-201. [Link]
Ching, S.C., Hur, Y.L., & Luan, S.L. Nursing Perspectives on the Impacts of COVID-19. J Nurs Res, 28(3), e85. [Link]
Cusack, L., & Gebbie, K. (2017). Call for national dialogue: Adapting standards of care in extreme events. We are not ready. Collegian, 24(1), 93-100. [Link]
International Council of Nurses (ICN). (2020). ICN Call to Action. [Link]
Domínguez-Alcón, C., Kohlen, H., Tronto, J. (2018). El futuro del cuidado. Comprensión de la ética del cuidado y práctica enfermera. 1ª ed. Barcelona: Ediciones San Juan de Dios–Campus Docent. [Link]
Escobar-Castellanos, B. & Cid-Henríquez, P.H. (2018). El cuidado de enfermería y la ética derivados del avance tecnológico en salud. Acta bioethica, 24(1), 39-46. [Link]
Fallon, A., Dukelow, T., Kennelly, S.P., & O'Neill, D. (2020). COVID-19 in nursing homes. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 113(6), 391–392. [Link]
Feito, L.G. (2002). La ética del cuidar. Bioètica & debat: Tribuna abierta del Institut Borja de Bioètica, 28, 7-10. [Link]
Fernandez, R., Lord, H., Halcomb, E., Moxham, L., Middleton, R., Alananzeh, I., & Ellwood, L. (2020). Implications for COVID-19: a systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies, (111) 103637. [Link]
Finch, J. (2020). Legal aspects of COVID-19 pandemic management for community nurses. Br J Community Nurs, 25(4), 196-199. [Link]
Gebbie, K.M., & Qureshi, K. (2002). Emergency and disaster preparedness: core competencies for nurses. What every nurse should but may not know. Am J Nurs, 102(1), 46-51. [Link]
Goodwin, T.V., Meyer, D., Bellm SA., Couig, M.P., Friese, C.R., Lavin, R., Atanley, J., Martin, E., Mountague, M., Toner, E., Schoch, M.S, Cicero, A., Inglesby, T. (2020). Recommendations for Improving National Nurse Preparedness for Pandemic Response: Early Lessons from COVID-19. The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Recuperado: [Link]
Hu, D., Kong, Y., Li, W., Han, Q., Zhang, X., Zhu, L.X., Wan, Z.W., Lui, Z., Shen, Q., Yang, J., He, H.G., & Zhu, J. (2020). Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Eclinical Medicine, 24, 100424. [Link]
Hoffmann, R.L., Wojtaszek, K., Battaglia, A., Campbell, G., & Perpetua, Z. (2020). The Clinical Nurse Leader and COVID-19: Leadership and quality at the point of care. Br J Community Nurs, 25(4), 196-199. [Link]
Huenchuan-Navarro, S. (2020). COVID-19: Recomendaciones generales para la atención a personas mayores desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).Recuperado: [Link]
International Council of Nurses (ICN). (2020a). Core competencies in disaster nursing, version 2.0. Recuperado: [Link]
Jackson, D., Bradbury, C.J., Baptiste, D., Gelling, L., Morin, K., Neville, S., Smith, G. (2020). Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs, 29 (13-14), 2041–2043. [Link]
Joshi, S. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Nursing challenges faced. Cancer Res Stat Treat, 3(5),136‐137. [Link]
Korhonen, E.-S., Nordman, T., & Eriksson, K. (2015). Technology and its ethics in nursing and caring journals: An integrative literature review. Nursing Ethics, 22(5), 561–576. [Link]
Li, N., Liu, T., Chen, H., Liao, J., Li, H., Luo, Q., Song, H., Xiang, F., Tan, J., Zhou, J., Hu, G., Yuan, Z., Peng, Y., Luo, G. (2020). Management strategies for the burn ward during COVID-19 pandemic. Burns, 46(4), 756-761. [Link]
Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J.E., Guo, Q., Qin, X.W., Liu, S., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, B.X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health, 8, e790–98. [Link]
Maben, J., & Bridges, J.(2020). Covid‐19: Supporting nurses' psychological and mental health. J Clin Nurs, 29(15-16), 2742-2750. [Link]
Magnaye, B., Muños, M.S., Muñoz, M.F., Muños, R.V., & Muro, J.V. (2011). The role, preparedness and management of nurses during disasters. E-International Scientific Research Journal, III(4), 2094-1749. [Link]
Martínez-Estalella, E.G., Zabalegui, A., & Sevilla-Guerra, S.G. (2020). Gestión y liderazgo de los servicios de Enfermería en el plan de emergencia de la pandemia COVID-19: la experiencia del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Enferm Clin. [Link]
Mirzaei, S., Eftekhari, A., Sadeghian, M.R., Kazemi, S., Nadjarzadeh, A. (2019). The effect of disaster management training program on knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital staffs in natural disasters. Journal of Disaster & Emergency Research, 2(1), 9-16. [Link]
Mitchell, S., Maynard, V., Lyons, V., Jones, N., Gardiner, C. (2020).The role and response of primary care and community nursing in the delivery of palliative care in epidemics and pandemics: a rapid review to inform practice and service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Link]
Ministerio de salud de Chile (MINSAL). (2020). Informe epidemiológico del personal de salud confirmados por Covid-19, Chile (semana epid. Nº10 a 37). Recuperado [Link]
Mo, Y., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Lang, Q., Liao, C., Wang, N., Qin, M., & Huang, H. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. Journal of nursing management, 28(5), 1002–1009. [Link]
Murray, J. (2012). Crisis Standards of Care: A Framework for Responding to Catastrophic Disasters. AJN American Journal of Nursing, 112(10), 61-63. [Link]
Organización Panamericana de salud (OPS). (2020). COVID-19 Recomendaciones técnicas para configuración de un equipo médico de emergencia especializado de tratamiento en infección respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG). Recuperado: [Link]
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2017). La gestión de riesgos ante una pandemia de gripe: guía de la OMS para fundamentar y armonizar las medidas nacionales e internacionales de preparación y respuesta ante una pandemia. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Recuperado: [Link]
Raile-Alligood, M. (2015). Modelos y Teorías en Enfermería. 8ª ed. Madrid. Elseiver.
Rogers, A.E., Hwang, W.T., Scott, L.D., Aiken, L.H., Dinges, D.F. (2004). The working hours of hospital staff nurses and patient safety. Health Aff (Millwood), 23(4), 202-212. [Link]
Rosa,W.E., Gray, T.F., Chow,K., Davidson, P.M., Dionne, J. N., Karanja, V., Khanyola, J., Kpoeh, J., Lusaka, J., Matula, S. T., Mazanec, P., Moreland, P. J., Pandey, S., de Campos, A. P., & Meghani, S. H. (2020). Recommendations to Leverage the Palliative Nursing Role During COVID-19 and Future Public Health Crises. Journal of hospice and palliative nursing: JHPN : the official journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, 22(4), 260–269. [Link]
Salman, S.A., Manoor, M.M., Zeeshan, M.H., Rauf, S.H., Muhammad, S.S., Haroon, S.S., & Munir, F.H. (2020). Evaluation of Knowledge, Practices, Attitude and Anxiety of Pakistan’s Nurses towards COVID-19 during the Current Outbreak in Pakistan. medRxiv. [Link]
Schwerdtle, P.N., Connell, C.J., Lee, S., Plummer, J., Russo, P.L., Endacott, R., Kuhn, L. (2020). Nurse Expertise: A Critical Resource in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response. Annals of Global Health, 86(1), 49. [Link]
Smith, G.D., Ng, F., Ho, Cheung, W.H. (2020). COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity. J Clin Nurs, 29(9-10), 1425-1428.[Link]
Urzúa, A., Vera, P.V., Caqueo, A.U., & Polanco, R.C. (2020). La Psicología en la prevención y manejo del COVID-19. Aportes desde la evidencia inicial. Terapia Psicológica, 38(1), 103-118. [Link]
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Health emergency and disaster risk management framework. World Health Organization. Recuperado: [Link]
Ying, X.W., Yan, Z.Y., Huang, J., Zheng, Z., Qing, M.X., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Contingency Nursing Management in Designated Hospitals During COVID‐19 Outbreak. Annals of Global Health, 86(1), 70. [Link]
Descargas
Estadísticas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Maggie Campillay Campillay, Edith Rivas Rivero, Pablo Dubó Araya, Amaya Pavéz Lizarra, Luz Galdames Cabrera, Cibeles González Nahuelquín
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
