Intervenciones de competencia cultural en atención primaria para personas mayores
una revisión integrativa.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.28143Palabras clave:
Competencia cultural, atención primaria de salud, personas mayores.Resumen
Introducción: El edadismo, una barrera en el cuidado de personas, se manifiesta en una visión estereotipada y negativa de la vejez. Las intervenciones en atención primaria de salud pueden promover la salud más allá de enfoques centrados en la enfermedad y discapacidad.
Objetivo: Analizar las características de las intervenciones con enfoque de competencia cultural para personas mayores en atención primaria de salud.
Metodología: Revisión integrativa de estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2023 en Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus, relacionados con competencia cultural, Atención Primaria y envejecimiento. Los hallazgos se analizaron temáticamente según el Modelo de Competencia Cultural de Sue y Sue.
Resultados: Se analizaron 11 estudios sobre intervenciones culturalmente congruentes, destacando la importancia de abordar la edad en intersección con grupos socioculturales específicos. Se enfatizó la sensibilidad, el conocimiento y las habilidades culturales en las intervenciones, principalmente mediante la reflexión y la comunicación.
Conclusiones: Las intervenciones con enfoque de competencia cultural en atención primaria pueden mejorar la atención a personas mayores y reducir el edadismo. Se sugiere un enfoque de interseccionalidad para abordar las diversas dimensiones de la discriminación por edad. La participación comunitaria y una evaluación adecuada son fundamentales para una implementación exitosa.
Financiación
Micare, Millennium Institute for Care Research ANID ICS2019_024Citas
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Derechos de autor 2025 Beatriz Carrasco Díaz, Nicole Pinilla Carrasco , Paola Carrasco Aldunate
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