La fístula obstétrica: una visión transcultural y con perspectiva de género

Andrea Monge Quinta; Almudena Arroyo Rodríguez

doi:10.14198/cuid.26253

Autores/as

Andrea Monge Quinta Universidad de Sevilla, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8393-7859
Almudena Arroyo Rodríguez Universidad de Sevilla, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-7170

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.26253

Palabras clave:

Fístula vesicovaginal, fístula rectovaginal, fístula obstétrica, países en desarrollo

Resumen

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la producción científica actual sobre la fístula obstétrica desde una perspectiva de género. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura en Scopus, Dialnet Plus, PubMed, ERIC + PsycINFO, Cinahl, Cochrane, CUIDEN Plus y SciELO. Criterios de inclusión/exclusión: artículos a texto completo, publicados desde 2005 hasta 2022, en inglés y/o español. Se encontraron 60 documentos de los cuales se seleccionaron 49 para incluir en la revisión. Conclusiones: Las consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales de la fístula obstétrica en la vida de las mujeres y niñas que la sufren son devastadoras: la incontinencia urinaria y fecal las convierte en víctimas de discriminación por parte de sus comunidades y familias. Existe relación entre este problema y la mutilación genital femenina, ya que además de restar elasticidad al orificio vaginal, desencadena una secuencia de eventos que incluyen el abandono escolar, que lleva a un matrimonio forzado y por tanto a un embarazo temprano. La reparación de la fístula es posible mediante intervención quirúrgica, aunque también deben destinarse esfuerzos en prevenir la aparición de nuevos casos educando a la población en anticoncepción; mejorando la formación del personal sanitario y ampliando la dotación de los centros; facilitando el acceso universal a cirugía; mejorando las infraestructuras y accesibilidad a los centros; llevando a cabo programas de sensibilización a los hombres; y brindando información para acabar con los mitos que rodean este problema de salud.

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