Cronicidad: significado construido por los cuidadores y las personas cuidadas

Claudia Andrea Ramírez Perdomo; Claudia Patricia Cantillo-Medina; Alix Yaneth Perdomo-Romero; María Elena Rodríguez-Vélez; Ana Ligia Escobar Tobón

doi:10.14198/cuid.23039

Autores/as

Claudia Andrea Ramírez Perdomo Universidad Surcolombiana, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-773X
Claudia Patricia Cantillo-Medina Universidad Surcolombiana, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9619
Alix Yaneth Perdomo-Romero Universidad Surcolombiana, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-9718
María Elena Rodríguez-Vélez Universidad Surcolombiana, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-9695
Ana Ligia Escobar Tobón Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-9522

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.23039

Palabras clave:

Cuidadores, Enfermedad crónica no trasmisible, Hermenéutica, Investigación cualitativa

Resumen

Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles van en aumento, ocasionando discapacidad y dependencia en quien la padece, así como la necesidad de un cuidador. La cronicidad es un concepto que se ha analizado desde la mirada de la persona que la padece, dejando un vacío en la comprensión del significado para el cuidador. Objetivo: Comprender el significado de la cronicidad para las personas con Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus cuidadores informales. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cualitativa fenomenológica-hermenéutica según la propuesta de Van Manen, muestreo casual orientado por criterio, participaron 10 personas enfermas y 9 cuidadores. Los criterios de rigor de credibilidad y confirmabilidad, confiabilidad y la transferibilidad, garantizaron la calidad del estudio. Resultados: emergieron los siguientes temas: brindar y recibir cuidado como un acto de amor; unión de la familia; enfrentarse a la dureza; recibir, brindar y buscar apoyo; estar pendiente; cambio de vida; proceso de aprendizaje; una compañía para toda la vida; imponer restricciones, limitaciones y pérdidas. Conclusiones: el significado de la cronicidad para los cuidadores y las personas enfermas es complejo, dinámico y multidimensional; por lo tanto, es necesario realizar intervenciones que ayuden a mitigar el impacto que esta produce en la vida de este binomio.

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